Rwanda Safari: A Complete Thrilling Holiday
Rwanda is one of the most beautiful countries in Africa with unique attractions, thrilling adventurous things to do, rare sightings and interesting scenery. Rwanda safaris have been the favorite for many wild life lovers all over the world. They contain the outstanding wildlife viewing, fabulous food, luxury air-conditioned lodging, and a personal guide of exceptional quality and experience.
The Volcanoes National Park, in northern Rwanda is home to the world’s largest number of rare mountain gorillas offering travelers with the rare opportunity to see the mountain gorillas in the wild. The park is the prime spot for gorilla trekking in Africa, a thrilling adventure on which tourists hike into the wild looking for the ancient apes. Today Rwanda gorilla safaris are the among the top adventures to take on a holiday within Africa.
The Akagera National Park in eastern Rwanda is full of wildlife both large and small animals including herds of elephant and buffaloes, Giraffes and zebras. The Nyungwe Forest is another amazing spot, home to thirteen different species including chimpanzees. The park is most popular for chimpanzee tracking and the only canopy walk in Eastern Africa.
Rwanda is developing as one of the best destinations for those fascinated in cultural tourism. All the tourists who are looking forward to a most pleasant, daring and awesome vacations can opt for this option to enjoy their vacation. The payment packages to take these holidays are even cheap and their travel guides are given by the department with the help of safari websites. The people can forget all their worries and tension and spend some days with thrilling and superb moments.
Rwanda safaris are something that every person should experience at least once in their lifetime. While on safari, you get a great experience of getting back to nature. Most people only get a true sense of nature and wild life when they go on a safari. Zoos and nature specials do not do wild animals justice. Being up close and personal with animals such as lions, tigers, giraffes, wildebeests, and cougars can be an incredible thing to experience.
Rwanda is a beautiful African nation that struggled with genocide in the 1990s. The country has had its share of struggles and now has gone through a rebirth. Going on a safari is very safe and there are great travel packages to choose from. A vacation is often boring and dull because after a few days you have checked out mentally. A safari is a great vacation where you will be on your toes at all times because you will be staring at beautiful animals in their natural setting.
I wish you a memorable holiday into Rwanda, the land of a thousand hills.
Read MoreIsumo Falls
Have you ever heard about the Isumo Waterfalls? It is one of the most popular water falls in Nyungwe forest. The trail is 10.6 kilometers long and is moderate in difficulty – it takes about 4 hours plus to complete. On the way, view the amazing and beautiful scenery of the waterfall that is quite pretty you move through tree ferns that are quite impressive to look at and often you can spot the Ruwenzori Turaco birds among others.
The scenic safari to Isumo waterfalls needs arranger guide to be in position to give the details of some attractions including tree species, birds, valleys, hills/ mountains, primates among others. At the same time, we had entered Nyungwe National Park, which means that it is officially not allowed to use the fruits of the forest in any way. The journey through Nyungwe Forest takes you through muddy ground, cross wooden bridges – listen to noise produced by water moving at high speed and the noise always get stronger with the increased speed of water.
As you move nearer Isumo waterfall – descended to the river bed; the colour of the water remarkably clears dark brown, pretty much like Coke. Stand below the waterfall, with water falling down right from a gap in the forest above, with so much force it caused a permanent whirling wind through and a spray in the gorge. Lucky visitors can as well spot group of blue monkeys, colobus monkeys among others.
Read MoreWhat Makes Rwanda the Best Gorilla Trekking Destination
Rwanda is a small nation which is situated in East Africa. Similar to its neighbor Uganda, Rwanda has no seaport. It’s occasionally alluded to as a place where there is a” thousand hills” because of a lot of hills that occupy the country. This little nation is blessed with a lot of breathtaking natural life which has made it out-contend numerous other countries. The most known is the uncommon mountain gorillas which have made Rwanda extremely prominent in relation to tourism destinations; countless jet into this little nation to have a look at these amazing primates.
Mountain gorillas are considered as endangered species just found in three nations which are Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Tracking/trekking these gorillas is exceptionally wonderful in all these three nations that possess these creatures since gorillas are habituated to human standards and can be trekked safely in their natural habitats. In any case, as per confirmations given by trekkers who have the opportunity to track in both nations they give everything to Rwanda as the best gorilla safari destination on the planet. Numerous factors prove this among which incorporate;
Its immediacy favors many would prefer not to go for extended periods of time. From Kigali International Airport to volcanoes national park a protected park for these mountain gorillas is only a drive of around 2-3 hours to Kinigi park central station. This implies even a one-day Rwanda gorilla trek is possible. One who arranges a one-day gorilla safari needs to leave Kigali city ahead of schedule no less than 3 hours before keeping in mind the end goal to land at kinigi park central station in time (7:00 am) to get short briefings from the park officials about gorilla trekking furthermore to get you apportioned to the guide. After tracking you go back to Kigali/accommodation or meet your departure flight back home. So if you don’t prefer long drives choose gorilla tracking in Rwanda. So in the event that you don’t favor lengthy drives, pick gorilla tracking in Rwanda. To access Bwindi National Park or Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda it needs you to drive for around 7-9 hours which is a lengthy drive for individuals who don’t favor long excursions.
With regards to viewing and photography, Rwanda takes it all, when contrasted with the impenetrable forest of Bwindi Impenetrable National park and the Virunga National Park of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Mountain gorillas of Rwanda ordinarily feed on the bamboo trees and short grass which makes viewing and photography clear, so this component has made Rwanda to be positioned as the best gorilla safaris destination to most particularly the individuals who don’t want to penetrate the thick forests of Bwindi and Virunga woods in DR Congo. Despite the fact that you ought to note that it’s not a guarantee for easy viewing since they are wild creatures, the one you think simple to see may turn to be difficult and vice versa so you should be well prepared for the activity, tracking time is unpredictable it can go from 1-8 hours in the jungle while searching for them since meeting them depends on where they spent their last night from.
However much Rwanda gorilla permits are the most costly when compared to gorilla permits of Uganda (US$700) and DRC (US$400), it’s the most sold and done tourism activity in Rwanda. A gorilla trekking permit in Rwanda costs US$1500 for every individual for every trek, this has earned the government of Rwanda a considerable measure of income gathering subsequent to more than 80% of travelers to Rwanda come particularly to track gorillas.
Meeting these giant apes in their natural habitat deep in the forest is a lifetime moment that comes true. Rwanda houses half of the remaining mountain gorillas and all live in volcanoes national park all prepared to get guests and this implies 88 individuals visit gorillas on the regular schedule and in every gorilla family just eight individuals with gorilla permits are permitted to visit these chimps. The one hour you’re permitted to stay with these gorillas while observing and in addition taking photography is viewed as an amazing minute in life exceptionally hard to overlook. For any Rwanda gorilla safari tour book with us, we will take you where you have not yet gone to.
Read MoreHike Mount Karisimbi
Planning to visit Rwanda Safari for Mountaineering Safari? Congo gorilla Safaris is offering Hiking Safaris to Mountain Karisimbi at the lowest price than that provided by any other Tour Operator that is offering Safaris Rwanda. Congo gorilla safaris is managed by a Tour Company called Ultimate gorilla expeditions the best reliable Safari Company in Rwanda , Uganda and Congo that has been offering Safaris for Half Decade.
Mount Karisimbi is the highest of the eight volcanoes in the Virunga Mountains. It is a huge dome, now dormant, that dominates the range, more in girth than in height. Its name in Kinyarwanda means white shell, which refers to its often white-capped summit. Interestingly, this cap results not from snow but from hail and sleet which accumulate in the higher elevations from its frequent storms. It is located within the Parc National Des Volcans, and many of the volcanoes are connected by good trails.
This stratovolcano is part of a group of volcanoes in the Bufumbira field which is an eastern region of Virunga. The going is quite steep and good navigation is required not only through the lower slopes, but also on the mountain itself. It consists of secondary jungle and in the most gives an earie appearance.
Mount Karisimbi is an inactive volcano in the Virunga Mountains on the border between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Standing tall at 4,507 metres. The name Karisimbi is derived from the world amasimbi in Kinyarwanda which means “white shell” to refer to the white-capped summit which is often seen on top of the mountain.
The climb starts early in the morning and involves navigating through the Bisoke side before reaching the first stopping place at an altitude of 3,700 metres for overnight camping . The next day you wake as early as 5:30AM for your breakfast and early departure. The trail gets steeper, much as the fog closes in and ground gets muddy. The terrain gets tougher here. At about 4,000m, you are above the tree line, the slopes become more exposed and here you need to wear your gloves and hat. After about 2 hours ascent, you start on your last hundreds meters of climbing, walking on volcanic scree. The wind starts getting harder and visibility drops to 25m. Suddenly, you realize you cannot climb t anymore, you are at the summit! The Congolese border is just within a few feet from here. The descent back to the car park takes about 6 hours (including breaks at the camp and the others).
Climbing Mt Karisimbi is a strenuous but adventurous 2-day hike. Between Karisimbi and Bisoke is the Karisoke Research Centre which was founded by Dian Fossey in order to observe the mountain gorillas living in this area.
At the park headquarter, they will provide guides but trekkers should have suitable clothing and equipment. This activity needs to be arranged at least 2 days in advance. Cost is $400 per person and includes the guide but you may need to pay an extra approx. $10 for tent hire. For more than 2 people you pay US$300.
Read More10 Birding Tips for Beginners
Would you like to go bird watching? Here are some tips for beginners:
1. Come out Early: The “early bird” catches the greater amount of birds in their natural habitat. If you are really keen on sighting and observing the maximum number of birds that Africa has to offer, you should ideally start early in the morning, that’s when they are the busiest.
2. No dazzling clothes: You don’t want to give away your location and you certainly don’t want to distract the birds that you are going to observe. Brightly colored apparels are easily noticeable when amidst bushes and remember, birds have a finer eyesight than humans…this means they can spot you very easily, especially if you are lit like a halogen bulb in the middle of the runway at night.
3. Shush: Don’t make a noise or you will scare away the poor birds. No loud chatter when you are watching birds…if you have to communicate with the others, make sure you speak in muted volumes.
4. Stick to the trail: Your guide will help you get situated at the right spots where you can observe birds without worrying them by getting too close. If you stray from the trail and the group, chances are that you will have poorer luck than them in finding some particular and more exotic birds….
5. Grab a good field guide: Make sure you can tell your Grebe from petrels…you can manage that only once you familiarize yourself with the birds of Africa, and studying a good field guide beforehand is a genius move.
6. Take notes and make sketches: Even before you brush up your skills with the field guide, make sure to keep an eye on details, crest, beak, coloring, markings…these will help not only to tally and compare notes with the rest of the gang, but also enhance your skills as a birdwatcher.
7. Focus: If you don’t focus while you are observing the birds, there are chances that while you look down into your journal for notes, the bird has given you the miss and flown away…
8. Use telescopes for long range: This is especially for the high profile birdwatchers, and for birds that are very cautious and refuse to come anywhere within a mile of human territories.
9. Learn up the different bird calls: This way, even if you can’t see the bird, you can identify it by way of its call and spot it sooner or later if you can just identify the source of the call.
10. Get a good binocular: The most important factor. You need a good pair of binoculars so that you can make the best of the bird watching opportunities.
It naturally follows that you need to know about binoculars so that you can make a correct and favorable choice…
Read MoreBest Time to Go Gorilla Trekking in Rwanda
Mountain Gorilla tracking in Rwanda is one of the safari activities that is loved by many tourists who visit this country. There are several gorilla families that have been habituated for gorilla visits. Gorilla tracking has been one of the iconic activities since the Rwanda Development Board (RDB) introduced a ceremony of naming newly born gorillas called Kwita Iziina and it is carried out mainly in Volcanoes National Park which is located in the north west of the country bordering Rwanda, Congo and Uganda. This activity has been mostly enjoyed and done by foreign tourists because of its prices that are cheap compared to the dollar rates. When you try to compare gorilla trekking in Rwanda and in the other countries like Uganda were it is done in bwindi impenetrable national park and DRC, you may wonder why Rwanda receives more than ever before.
Although countries like Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) do this activity as also as their main safari activity that brings in more income compared to other activities, Rwanda leads all of them in terms of number of tourists yearning for this activity. More so when you look at the gorilla permits that are sold at US$1500 that are higher than the rest of the countries (Uganda and DRC) because they do offer reliable good accommodation compared to other countries when it comes to offering good services to tourists.
To enjoy this activity in particular, there are number factors that are needed or considered when doing this activity one of them is climate and weather of the given national park. Mountain Gorilla tracking is mostly done in dry conditions which are favorable to both the tourists and the primates themselves.
To perform this activity in a wide scale, the dry periods of June to September, then from December, January and February are the best periods receiving good temperatures that favor gorilla tracking in Volcanoes National Park. it is for this reason that during this period, roads leading to the park in most cases are not muddy which eases movements of cars driving tourists to the national park and also, with in the park most especially when there is a safari that is going on. Furthermore, in this period, prices for gorilla tracking tend to be high than other periods because tourists tend to be many because of the favorable climate that does not stop them from trekking. When you look at these primates in this period, their movements is limited in other words, they tend hide since in that time, there is limited food that is already for eating meaning taking gorilla tracking as an activity may take long to finish as the activity may even start from morning until in the evening hours trekking for a specific Gorilla family unlike in other periods which are wet.
When you look at another side of the coin, the wet periods of March, April and May tend to be wet making the movements of the tourists more difficult or limited causing a scare to the tourism industry in terms of revenue to the government. During this season, at the top most of highlands in volcanoes national park, temperatures tend to be cooler. And that is why gorilla tracking in this period takes a short period of time from 1 to 2 hours because these primates do not normally move alot when food is not in plenty. It is for this reason that tourists end up doing a double trek than what they asked to do.
Read MoreEcotours in Rwanda
Would you like to experience Rwanda differently? Why not go on a tour through Rwanda’s ecotourism destinations.
A Typical Itinerary in Rwanda
Rwanda is one of the famous countries inhabiting mountain gorillas. With arrival to Kigali City then proceed to Parc National des Volcans Rwanda. Head to hotel for dinner and rest for the next day. On day two, after early breakfast, we head for a briefing about Gorilla trekking in Rwanda at the Kinigi Station, then head straight to the slopes of the Forest. Gorilla trekking tours in Rwanda is no-longer quite strenuous, we send an advance team so you can move direct to the spot where the advance team has located the Gorillas.
Go Gorilla Trekking
Maximum permitted time with the Gorillas is a one hour, return to the lodge and rest. You can choose to go gorilla tracking in Parc National des Volcans with no advance team. Tracking the gorillas through the light mountain forest on the slopes of the Virunga is a magical experience. If you are lucky you can get to the gorillas, spend an hour with them, and be back at the base in time for a late lunch! Some gorilla families however are more elusive, and tracking can take a full day, especially when it is wet and muddy then back to the lodge for dinner and rest for the next day as you wait for your flight to your next destination for wildlife experience.
Iby’wacu Cultural Village
If you wish, you can visit the Iby’iwacu Cultural Village, which will give you a fascinating insight into the traditions and history of Rwanda’s people. Rwanda Gorilla Safaris gives you all the pleasure to travel to Rwanda and enjoy all the gorilla families and wildlife at a relatively cheaper prince hence enabling you achieve your life time dream. Book now and experience the Rwandan gorillas,wildlife, birds and all other primates including the unique cultures in Rwanda.
With very early have a cup of tea / coffee and proceed for a morning game drive to catch up with early raisers and predators returning to their hideouts. The game drive will reward you with chances to see a variety elephants, buffaloes, lions, Maasai giraffe, gazelles, impala, baboons, oribi, Butchel’s zebra, topi, bush baby, leopard and bush buck among others. Return to the Lodge and relax to lunch time. In the afternoon, you take a nature walk with a guide from the park, learning about the flora and fauna of the forest. Alternatively, you could go on a short trek to search for one of the troops of golden monkeys which inhabit the forest (this would need to be pre-booked, and is an additional cost).
Read MoreTop 5 Rwanda Tours & Holidays
Rwanda is one of the smallest countries in Africa but it cannot be under looked where it comes to tourism. Rwanda has lots of interesting things to see from wildlife, people and culture, physical features like the lakes, rivers, valleys and the mountains, the architecture and other tourism ancillary services. The latter have made Rwanda one of the most popular tourism destinations in Africa.
Due to the high influx of tourists coming to Rwanda, there are tours organized for discovering the beauties of the country. The most known tours are the Kigali city cultural tours, wildlife tours, primate tours and gorilla tours. Fortunately enough these tours are as affordable as Rwanda has cheap accommodation but of quality, the transportation fare is also relatively low and the cuisines in Rwanda are very affordable and delicious. There are no worries of spending much money while on a tour in Rwanda.
Here are some of the tours that are undertaken by the visitors in details:
1. Kigali Tours
The Kigali city cultural tour which normally involves visiting the cultural, traditional and historical places in Kigali city like the presidential palace, Kigali genocide memorial site which commemorates the plight of the civil in 1994, the parliament, Nyamata spiritual church the most powerful spiritual centre in Rwanda, the Kimironko market place which is the largest market in Rwanda where very many cultural and traditional commodities are found.
2. Game Viewing Tours
There are wildlife tours in Rwanda which leads to Akagera national park in the Gatsibo. The park has 8000 large animals. The common animals you can see while at a wildlife safari are impala, topi, eland, oribi, Masai giraffe, Defassa waterbuck, reedbuck, bushbuck, sable, roan antelope ,Burchall’s zebra hippo and crocodile. The lion has been introduced and they are planning on bringing the rhino to the park to make a place for the big five mammals that is a park with the lion, elephants, leopard, buffalo and rhino. People interested in common wildlife come to this park to encounter these big mammals in their natural setting.
3. Chimpanzee Tracking Tours
There also the primates tours that take to Nyungwe national park. This park’s large forests make it the ideal place for the primates to inhabit that is the chimpanzees, the grey cheeked mangabey, vevet monkeys, and black and white colobus. These animals are very exciting animals to watch the chimpanzees in particular. Chimpanzees are intelligent animals that make them one of the closest cousins of man. At Nyungwe, there is also a canopy walk where tourists walk on elevated trails about 50metres having an Ariel view of the park.
4. Gorilla Tours
Rwanda offers the best gorilla tours in Africa. There are several gorilla trekking expeditions offered by several tour operators in Rwanda. Mountain gorilla tracking in the Volcanoes National Park in Northern Rwanda has put this less known country on the world tourism map. Mountain gorillas are also primates but these are more than primates as when watching them, the trackers have a very good view and interaction of them as they are ground animals and very peaceful. These are animals are found in the Virunga ranges in the northeastern part of Rwanda at volcanoes national park. Many people who have watched these elusive animals have got testimonies to tell to the friends and relatives back home. At the basement of the park where the gorillas are found, there are the golden monkeys which are rare species of monkeys.
With the above tours one cannot fail to enjoy exploring Rwanda. These tours can also be combined to make a full package of Rwanda experience.
Read MoreHow Volcanoes National Park won Africa’s Top Green Destination award
On March 7, 2018, global tourism industry players, conservationists and government representatives, gathered in Berlin, Germany, for the annual ITB trade show.
During the trade fair, Rwanda was voted as one of the Top 100 Green Destinations in the World, courtesy of the Volcanoes National Park. However, one person who must have been smiling with a satisfied grin on his face when the winners were announced was Greg Bakunzi, the managing director of Amahoro Tours and founder of Red Rocks Cultural Centre, both travel concerns based in Musanze, northern Rwanda.
The long road to win his country the prestigious award started in earnest in 2016. Bakunzi says that as a member of Linking Tourism and Conservation (LTC) – a conservation non-profit headquartered in Norway – he received an invitation through the organisation to make a presentation about his country’s claim to be among the Top 100 Green Destination in the world.
LTC describes itself as an organisation that “seeks to create a network between relevant stakeholders in conservation, protected areas management, and tourism industry, which creates ideas, tools and incentives.” The organisation also seeks to find ways through which existing tourism support in existing protected areas can be replicated, exported and strengthened.
“I saw this as a great opportunity through which I could market my country in general – and the Volcanoes National Park in particular – so that the whole world could see or listen to what Rwanda is doing to ensure that the country not only becomes ‘green’ but also how it is positioning itself as a top travel destination,” says Bakunzi.
The Volcanoes National Park lies along the Virunga Mountains – a range of eight ancient volcanoes that are shared by Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda.
The park is home to the Rwandan section of the Virungas that comprise five volcanoes and hosts about a quarter of the world’s remaining mountain gorillas. And aside from the iconic gorillas, various plant and animal species also thrive in the park.
Bakunzi made a presentation about how the government, together with private institutions in the tourism industry, is making concerted efforts to ensure that nature around the park is preserved.
“I made a presentation about how the Rwandan government is making sure that we protect our natural environment. Among the issues I discussed was Rwanda’s tree-planting initiatives, engagement of the local community and other development partners in various conservation initiatives, as well as the ban on plastic bags that’s gaining traction in environmental conservation,” says Bakunzi.
Bakunzi also credited the Volcanoes National Park’s ‘greenness’ to the Rwandan government’s responsible tourism initiatives, such as limiting the number of tourists who trek the park’s prized mountain gorillas.
Last year, Rwanda increased the price of gorilla permits from $750 to $1,500 in a move that aimed to “ensure sustainability of conservation initiatives and enhance visitors’ experience,” according to the Rwanda Development Board (RDB), the country’s tourism regulator.
Bakunzi says that during his presentation, he also had the chance to present before the tourism world the positive moves the Rwandan government is initiating to make sure that tourism develops as a leading industry in Rwanda.
He says he also had the chance to present how the government of Rwanda, through its tourism revenue sharing initiative, is working to conserve nature around the national parks.
Last year, the Rwanda Development Board (RDB) announced an increase in the tourism revenue sharing rate for communities living around national parks from 5% to 10%. The move was in line with Rwanda’s high-end tourism strategy to strengthen conservation efforts and contribute more to the social development of communities living around the country’s parks, RDB argued.
“Doubling the revenue sharing rate means that communities living around national parks will register more improvement in terms of development,” RDB said.
This year, the award event was targeting continents and during the official award ceremony that took place in Berlin on March 7, 2018 during ITB fair, Rwanda was voted as Africa’s Top 10 Green Destination, coming ahead of Botswana and South Africa.
Read MoreRed Rocks Cultural Centre: the spirit of adventure
The trip to Red Rocks Rwanda, a cultural exchange centre at Nyakinama village in Musanze district, has become a special one for me.
For sure, I always know every time I visit this quaint rural place, set in a serene environment, something fresh always beckons. And this is the right spirit of adventure.
Away from the hustle and bustle of Kigali, Red Rocks offers a contrasting serene and laidback environment where you wake up to the coolness of the morning and the nature is represented at its pristine with the sweet sounds of the morning singing birds to wake you up.
The village dawn prepares you emotionally for a creative day ahead.
But what is even more fascinating is that you are bound to find charming people who also feel the spirit of the place, even when they are visiting for only a day.
Tourists come here from different countries of the world and all of them normally agree about one thing: the service at Red Rocks is top class.
Best services at Red Rocks
The staff is quite agile; ever on their feet to provide you the best services. The food is great, whether you want to sample Rwandans authentic traditional cuisine, or you want to stick your taste buds to the food of your choice. You are going to be served what you call for.
Involving community
Red Rocks also involves the community in its operation and from this, many youths and vulnerable women continue to gain a lot from the centre.
The youth here are trained as guides from where they can chaperone tourists around the community, introduce them to home stay programmes, act as translators and be a link between the local community and the visitors.
Consequently, they in the process acquire valuable skills for their economic and social development, something Red Rocks has continued to stress on since its establishment in 2011.
The women in Nyakinama village, where the Red Rocks Cultural Centre is located, also have something to smile about. Many of them are quite skilled in making of handcraft products, and at the centre you are going to find a small house at the reception where these aesthetic products are displayed.
They also demonstrate to visitors how to make these products, and many visitors always are proud to walk away with the products they have made by their own hands.
What about sampling a banana or millet beer you have produced? This is always one of the main highlights of a visit to Red Rocks Rwanda.
Walking within the compound itself is a walk through Rwanda past and its tradition. Cultural objects don the compound, strategically placed and labeled for easy introduction to Rwandans past.
In essence, it’s like a blast from the past, where you get the chance to experience the country’s past symbolized by its cultural artifacts.
Musanze district is the hub of tourism in Rwanda, hosting such attractions like the Virunga National Park, Volcano National Park, and the Musanze Caves among others.
You are going to enjoy your chosen activity like gorilla trekking and other activities like bird watching and mountain climbing. However, a retreat to the Red Rocks Cultural Centre is going to introduce you to a cultural experience showcasing the real Rwandan people and their past.
Read More